{"id":128,"date":"2021-05-14T15:30:16","date_gmt":"2021-05-14T22:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/?page_id=128"},"modified":"2021-06-02T12:43:13","modified_gmt":"2021-06-02T19:43:13","slug":"module-2-ethical-research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/module-2-ethical-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Module 2 &#8211; Ethical Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Why we focus on ethical research?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this module, we look at some of the things you need to consider when beginning any research project so that it is ethical. Research has not always been done with the best interests of participants in mind. Because of this, in Canada and most countries in the world, there are rules for conducting research to make sure it is ethical. Research that involves human participants should be reviewed by a research body, for instance from a university, to make sure it is ethical. Even if you do not have access to a research ethics board, the principles of ethical research are set out in a range of places accessible online.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Canada, researchers generally follow the rules set out in the T<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Human, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">which covers the rules for ethical research created by three different national agencies, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Tri-Council focuses on making sure research includes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol class=\"ili-indent\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Respect for persons,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Concern for welfare, and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Justice.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>What are the key concepts?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ethical research pays attention to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ili-indent\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How the use of human subjects is conducted<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">That there is free and informed Consent<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">That there is fairness and equity in the research<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">That participant&#8217;s privacy and confidentiality are protected<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">That there is a plan for and communication about the use of data<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">That special protections are provided to vulnerable populations<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">That any conflict of interest is named and addressed<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">That\u00a0 power over dynamics are minimised<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">That participants may be granted anonymity<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">That the research is safe and minimizes risk<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Video<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We put together a quick video with Kathleen Manion and guest Gina Armellino, from the Research Ethics Board of Royal Roads University to discuss what to keep in mind when designing and research project to make sure it is ethical.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) Module 2\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AqafNfIBeX4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><b>How can we practice?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reflection<\/span><\/i><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8211; Keeping participants safe<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When creating your research project, think about who your participants are and what they need to feel safe to talk with you or share their ideas with you. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Consider the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ili-indent\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do they know what you are asking them to do, and do they know why?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Have you let them know what you will do with what they have shared with you, both now and in the future?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Is what you are asking them to do fair and just?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If they face any vulnerabilities that may mean they cannot fully understand what you are asking them to do or cannot give consent, have you asked their parent or guardian about their participation as well as them? (This includes if they are under 18).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Have you thought about how to keep their information private, confidential and how to make sure no one knows that they participated in your research?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Have you thought about any risks involved in the research? If these are not minor, consider if you should continue with the research. The benefits should outweigh the risks. Have you thought about how to minimise these?\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Are participants free to say no to participating or to say no to any part of the research? Have you made sure they will not feel forced to participate?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Have you thought about the culture of your participants and is the research respectful of their culture?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you have said yes to all of these, you are on the right track. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you have said no to some of these, you should probably spend more time thinking about making this ethical. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is helpful to talk to a mentor about how to make sure this is appropriate and safe for participants.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Where can we find out more?\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To make sure your research is ethical, you should have someone else check it out for y<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem\">ou. If you want to know more about Ethical Research here are some resources to look out for:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans &#8211; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ethics.gc.ca\/eng\/policy-politique_tcps2-eptc2_2018.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/ethics.gc.ca\/eng\/policy-politique_tcps2-eptc2_2018.html<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Here is a website that talks about how to conduct ethical research when working with children:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ethical Research Involving Children &#8211; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/childethics.com\/ethical-guidance\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/childethics.com\/ethical-guidance\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-199\" style=\"font-size: 1rem\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2021\/05\/1205_Forest-26-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"577\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2021\/05\/1205_Forest-26-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2021\/05\/1205_Forest-26-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2021\/05\/1205_Forest-26-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2021\/05\/1205_Forest-26-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2021\/05\/1205_Forest-26.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 577px) 100vw, 577px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why we focus on ethical research? In this module, we look at some of the things you need to consider when beginning any research project so that it is ethical. Research has not always been done with the best interests of participants in mind. Because of this, in Canada and most countries in the world, &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/module-2-ethical-research\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Module 2 &#8211; Ethical Research&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-128","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=128"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":292,"href":"https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/128\/revisions\/292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.royalroads.ca\/ypar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}